A model’s training examples reflect choices about collection, selection, and representation. For a supervised task, labels also define the distinctions the model is being asked to learn.

Consider whether the examples cover the situations in which the system will be used. A collection can be large while leaving important cases underrepresented. Inconsistent labels can make the intended task unclear even when the inputs themselves are plentiful.

When evaluating a system, ask how the task and data relate to the real use case. The amount of data is one part of the story; its relevance, quality, and coverage are others. Those questions help connect model performance with the work it is expected to support.

A few starting points
  1. Ask which situations the examples cover.
  2. Look for a clear labeling rule.
  3. Connect the training task with the intended use.

Imagine a practical setting.

Imagine teaching a formatting task through several similar notes. Add a deliberately different note to examine which relationships the examples actually communicate.

Before the next experiment.

A small trial should have a clear stopping point. Decide which uncertainty the tool can help explore and what observation would answer the next question.

Follow a related question

Ask why the value is absent.

Missing is not a number

Choose one question the trial can answer.

Try a big idea on a small scale

Keep learning

Related background to continue exploring this subject.

Google: an introduction to language models NIST: AI risk management framework
Explore a possibility